Every window type, with the price on it.

$1,150–$1,750 per opening

Casement

Cranks outward on side hinges. The sash compresses against the frame as it closes, which is why it seals tighter than any other operating window.

The trade-off is projection — a casement swings into the space outside it, so it is wrong over a walkway, a deck rail or a driveway. Screens sit on the interior. Hardware is the part that fails first on a cheap unit; the crank operator and the hinge track are where we do not economise.

Best air seal

$1,050–$1,600 per opening

Awning

Hinged at the top, opening from the bottom, so the sash sheds rain while it is open.

This is the reason awnings belong in basements, bathrooms and above kitchen sinks — you can leave them cracked in a downpour. Below grade they are frequently the only unit that satisfies both ventilation and the egress clear-opening rule at once.

Ventilates in rain

$980–$1,380 per opening

Hopper

The inverse of an awning — hinged at the bottom, tilting inward from the top.

Almost exclusively a basement window. It opens into the room rather than out into the window well, which matters when the well is shallow. Cleaning is straightforward from inside.

Basements and window wells

$950–$1,400 per opening

Slider

Glides horizontally on a track. The cheapest honest way to fill a wide opening.

Nothing projects, so a slider is correct over a counter, a sink or anywhere a casement would swing into something. Tilt-sash versions cost a little more and clean from inside, which is worth it above the ground floor. On egress, remember only the openable half counts toward the clear opening — a slider has to be roughly twice as wide as the code requires.

Wide openings, nothing projects

$1,100–$1,620 per opening

Single & double hung

Slides vertically. On a single hung the bottom sash moves; on a double hung, both do.

This is the heritage-correct profile, and on a century home front elevation a casement simply reads wrong. In Toronto heritage districts and in Old Berlin and Westmount, matching the original sash division and proportion is usually a condition of approval rather than a preference.

Heritage-correct proportion

$900–$1,500 per opening

Fixed & picture

Does not open. No sash, no hardware, no air leakage path — and more glass for the same rough opening.

The best U-factor per dollar in the catalogue, and the correct centre lite in a mulled unit flanked by two operating windows. The constraint is the code: a fixed unit cannot satisfy an egress requirement, and it does nothing for ventilation, so it needs an operating partner in most rooms.

Most glass per dollar

$1,950–$3,100 per opening

Mulled units

Two or three windows factory-joined into a single assembly with a structural mullion between them.

Mulled at the plant rather than assembled on site, which means one continuous seal and one warranty rather than a field joint between two units. The common configuration is a fixed centre with operating flankers.

One assembly, one seal

$3,400–$5,800 per opening — structural work included

Bay

Three lites projecting from the wall at an angle, adding floor area and a seat.

A bay is not really a window job — it is a small structural job. It needs a head board, a seat board, cable or knee-brace support, insulation to the underside and its own small roof. That is where the cost is, not in the glass. On a Toronto Victorian the front bay is usually the largest opening on the house.

Adds interior space

$4,200–$6,500 per opening — structural work included

Bow

Four or five lites in a gentle curve, projecting less sharply than a bay.

Softer geometry, more glass, and it reads better on a wider elevation than a bay does. Same structural requirements — head board, seat, support, roof — and a longer fabrication lead time because of the radius.

Widest glass span